TEACHER CAPACITY BUILDING AS CORRELATE OF STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN AWKA EDUCATIONS ZONE OF ANAMBRA STATE
Abstract
In this research, the investigator examined the relationship between teacher capacity building and students' academic performance in secondary schools located in the Awka South Education Zone of Anambra State. The study was guided by two research questions and two corresponding hypotheses. Employing a correlational research design, the study utilized a relational approach that involved a simple linear method. The population consisted of 32,195 students in Senior Secondary 1 to 3 from 71 public senior secondary schools across five Local Government Areas within the Awka South Education Zone. A sample of 369 Senior Secondary 2 students from 60 public secondary schools was selected using purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques. To gather data, a structured rating scale comprising 32 items, titled "Areas of Teacher Capacity Building Scale (ATCBS)," and a 30-item assessment known as the Economics Achievement Test (EAT) were validated by three experts—two specializing in educational management and planning, and one in educational measurement and evaluation from Peaceland University, Enugu (Awka Study Centre). The reliability coefficients for the ATCBS and EAT were determined to be 0.76 and 0.71, respectively, using Cronbach's alpha and Kuder Richardson (20) statistics. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient to address the research questions, while the hypotheses were tested through t-test significance of correlation at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a strong positive and significant correlation between teacher capacity building in subject knowledge and students' academic achievement, as well as a similar relationship between teacher capacity building in teaching skills and students' academic performance. In light of these results, the study recommended that teachers should continuously enhance their subject knowledge through ongoing training, including on-the-job supervision and various in-service training programs.References
Aboki, B.T. (2018). Contemporary trend and sustaining standard in educational assessment: The views of learners about the effects of home and its related variable on learning Biology. Journals on Educational Assessment in Africa, 4(1), 95-105.
Adebayo, F.A., & Sagaya, A.A. (2016). Teachers' capacity building and students' academic performance among public junior secondary schools in Kwara State. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 12(3), MO
Aclediran, A.A, (2021). Students centred Teaching methods and utilization of instructional strategies for effective social studies teaching, paper presented at the 58th World Assembly of the international council on Education for teaching (ICET) at the university of Ontario institute of technology, Oshacma, Ontario, Canada between 15th-20th June, 2021.
Adeyemi, B. A. (2020). Effects of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) on students' achievement in social studies in Osun State, Nigeria. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 269^'
-277.
Akinbobola, A.O. (2016). Effects of Cooperative and Competitive Learning Strategies on Performance of Students in Physics." Journal of Research in
Education^ 3(1), 1-5.
Alabi, A.T. (2015). An evaluation of availability of Information technology equipment for instructional purposes in Ilorin metropolis secondary schools. A paper presented at the 5th annual conference on 'Evaluation of Educational Programmes in the Nigeria educational system' organised by National association of educational researchers and Evaluations held at Federal College of Education, Osiele Abeokuta, (Nov 12-15).
Amaechi, C.E. (2015). Students3 evaluation of Economics teachers' effectiveness for quality instructional delivery in Awka Education Zone II of Anambra State. M.Ed Thesis, Faculty of Education, Anambra State University, Awka.
Aminu, A.W. (2020). A qualitative study on the effects of teachers attrition. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 2( 1), 1-19.
Asogwa, V.C., Isiwu, E.G. & Jumbo, D.D. (2021). Capacity building needs of lecturers of agricultural education in soil testing (NPK) for effective teaching of students in colleges of education in South-East, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(17), 36-45
Baser, H., & Morgan, P. (2018). Capacity, Change and Performance. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http://www.ausaid.gov.au/hottopics/pdf /capacity change_performance final _report.pdf
Berry, B. (2020). Teacherpreneurs: A more powerful vision for the teaching profession. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(6), 28-33
Bikongoro, P.P., & Swai, S.E. (2021). The impact of capacity building training to biology teachers' competence in assessment: The impact of monitoring trainees. Merit Research Journal of Education and Review, 2(12), 306-311
Bolger, J. (2021). Capacity development: Why, what and how? Canadian International Development Agency. Occasional series, /(I), 23-29.
Boyle, D. & Dunleavy, K. (2015). Learning styles and academics outcome, The Validity and Utility of Vermunts Inventory of Learning Styles in a British Higher Education Setting. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 73 (2) 267 - 290.
Brown, L., LaFond, A. & Macintyre, K. (2015). Measuring capacity building California Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Retrieved from http: / / www.cpc.unc.edu/measure / resources / publications / sr - 01-05/at_download/document
Burseri, J.C & Dorgu, T.E (2020). The relevance of instructional materials for effective curriculum delivery in Nigeria. Proceeding of state faculty of education Lagos State University
Campbell, M.A. (2016). The effects of the 5E learning cycle model on students' understanding of force and motion concepts. Unpublished M.Ed, Thesis University of Central Florida, Orlando: Florida.
Chukwu, C.L. (2019). Capacity building of teachers' challenges and opportunities: Implication for educational sustainable development. Paper presented at University of Ibadan, Faculty of Education, International Conference on Education for Sustainable Development (ICESD), May 18-22. Retrieved from http: / / uwc .ac .ahero .za / index. php?module=cshe&action=vietitle&id=cshe_558
Cooter, R.B. (2015). Teacher 'Capacity Building' helps urban children succeed in Reading. Read Teach57. The H.W. Wilson Company. (On-line) Available at; http://www.reading.org/url?sa=t&rct...esrc Retrieved on; 29.09.2020
Darling-Hammond, L. (2020). Creating a comprehensive system for evaluating and supporting effective teaching. Stanford, CA. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education (On-line). Available at; http://edpolicy.stanford-edu/sites/default/files/publications/.../pdf Retrieved on; 25.05.2015
Delaney, J.G. (2015). Educational policy studies: A practical approach. Calgary, Alberta: Detselig Enterprises Ltd.
Devis, S. & Mayuri, K. (2020). The effects of family and school on the academic achievement of residential School Children. Journal of Community Guide Resources, 20(2 139-148.
Duze, C.O. (2020). Students' and teachers' participation in decision-making and impact on school work and school internal discipline in Nigeria. African Research Review, 5(2), 200-214
Egbo, B. (2020). Teacher capacity building and effective teaching and learning: A seamless connection. Being the text of a keynote speech delivered at the international conference on teaching and learning organized by African Association for Teaching and Learning (AATL) held at the Federal College of Education (Technical) Omoku, Rivers State Nigeria. September 5-8, 2020
Ejieh, M.U.C. (2019). Characteristics and concerns of recruits into primary teacher education program in Nigeria. The Alberta Journal of Education, 9(4), 380-382.
Emenalo, F.C. (2020). Mentoring: A strategy for capacity building among academics: A case study of Anambra State University, Awka. African Journal of higher Education Studies and Development (AJHESD), 5(1), 181-190
Encmark, S. (2015). Understanding the Concept of Capacity Building and the
Nature of Land Administration Systems. Paris, France: 1-10. 173. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http:/www.fiq.net/pub/fiq_2015/TS_2/TS2__2_Enemark.pdf
Etiubon, R. U. & Akpan, A. O. (2017). Science teachers' perception of ICT capacity building workshop in Akwa Ibom State secondary schools, Nigeria. African Research Review: An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 77(2), 201-215
Ezechukwu, I.R., & Amaechi, C.E. (2017). Students' assessment of Economics teachers' competency skills in secondary schools, Anambra State, Nigeria. ASSERENJournal of Education, 2(1), 123-134
Forehand, M. (2016). Bloom's taxonomy: From emerging perspectives, teaching and technology. Retrieved December 3, 2020 from http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?
Fullan, M. (2018). The six secrets of change. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley and Sons
Goodwin, A.L. (2019). Globalization and the preparation of quality teachers: rethinking knowledge domains for teaching. Teaching Education, 27(1), 19-32 .
Grigsby, B., Schumaker, G., Deckman, J., & Simion, U. (2019). A principles's dilemma: Instructional leader or manager. Academic Leadership, §(3), 1-5
Hilderbrand, M. E. (2021). Capacity building for Poverty Reduction: Reflections on Evaluations of System Efforts. In Capacity building for Poverty Eradication Analysis of, and Lessons from, Evaluations of UN System Support to Countries' Efforts. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http://www.un.org
Hunt, J. (2016). Capacity Building for Indigenous Governance: International
development experience of capacity development: implication for
Indigenous Australia? Canberra: Australian National University,. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http://www.anu.edu.au/caepr/Projects?Capacity_development_paper__JHunt. Pdf
Hussein, M.K. (2016). Capacity building challenges in Malawi's local government reform programme. Development Southern Africa, 25(3), 371-383
Japan International Cooperation Agency, (2017). Analysis from Capacity
Development Perspective: Strenghtening of Mathematics and Science in
Secondary Education (SMASSE) Project in Kenya. Case Study report on
Capacity Development. Japan International Cooperation Agency. research Group, Institute for International Cooperation. (On-line) Available at; jica- ri.jica.go.jp/IFIC-and JBICI- studies/English/publications/reports/study/capacity/201701/pdf/201701-l. df. Retrieved on; 26.07.2021
Jaquith, A., Dan, M., Wei, R.C. & Darling-Hammond, L. (2019). Teacher Professional Learning in the United States: Case Studies of State Policies and Strategies. Oxford OH. Learning Forward. (On-line) Available at; https;//edpolicy.stanford.edu/publications/pubs/../202 Retrieved on; 28.05.2015
Jepketcr, A., Kombo, K., & Kyalo, D.N. (2015). Relationship between teacher capacity building strategy and students' performance in public secondary schools in Nandi County, Kenya. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 4(10), 37-50
Jones, A. & Moreland, J. (2015). Considering Pedagogical Content Knowledge in the Context of Research on Teaching: An Example from Technology. Waikato Journal of Education. (On line) Available at; researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/6248/Jones considering.pdf Retrieve 6.11.2021
Kasten,K., & McDavis, RJ. (2016). Building Capacity for Teaching and Learning in Florida. (On-line) Available at; www.unf.edu/uploadedFiles/.../fie/policy brief...pdf Retrieved on; 29.09.2015
Kaufman, R. & Zahn, D. (2021). Quality management plus: The continuous improvement of education. Califonia: Corwin Press Inc
King, M. & Newman, F. (2015). Building school capacity through professional development: conceptual and empirical Considerations. The International
Journal of Educational Management, 15(2), 86-93.
Ko, J., Sammons, P., and Bakkum, L. (2020).Effective Teaching: A Review of Research and Evidence, Berkshire: CfBT Education Services (On-line) Available at;cdn.cfbt.com/ /media/cfbtcorporate/files/research/2020/r-efTective-teaching-2020.pdf. Retrieved 15.1.2021
Kuenzi, J.J. (2020). Teacher Quality Issues in Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Congressional Research Service. (Online). Available at; fas.org/sgp/crs/R42127.pdf. Retrieved on: 19.10,2015
Kuril, S. (2019). Capacity development as the model for development aid organizations. Development and Change, 40(3), 551-577.
Lambert, L. (2016). What does leadership capacity really mean? Journal of staff Development spring.
Lawal, O.I., Onipede, O., Oketoobo, E.A., & Famiwole, R.O. (2021). Competency capacity building needs of agricultural science teachers in utilization of school farm for skill acquisition among secondary school students. International Journal of Education & Literacy Studies, 2(3), 1-6
Lee, D.M. (2018). Essential skills for potential school administrators: A case of one Saskatchewan urban school division. (Unpublished Master's Thesis). University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan.
Linnell, D. (2015). Evaluation of Capacity Building: Lessons from the Field.
Washington, DC: Alliance for Nonprofit Management. Retrieved 28 January 2021
'from http://www.riv.csu.edu.au/research/ilws/International/EASLP/library/pdf_fil es/The_Role_of_Capacity_Building_for_Livestock_Extension_Staff_in_Lao _PDR.pdf
Marzano, R.J. (2015). What works in school: Translating research into action. Alexandria, VA: Association for school supervision and curriculum development. The key to classroom management by ASCD.
Mbah, N.N. & Udegbe, G.L (2021). Educational research and statistics, Onitsha: Sams Printing Press
McBer, H. (2021). Research into Teacher Effectiveness: A Model of Teacher Effectiveness. Research Report No. 216. United Kingdom: Department for Education and Employment. (On-line)Available at;
https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/standard/.../pagelRR16. Retrieved on; 15.1.2020
McKenzie, J. (2017). Capacity Building Resource Manual: A report for the Cooperative Venture for Capacity Building. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/HCC/07-102.pdf
Mestry, R. & Grobler, B. R. (2016). The training and development of principals to mange schools effectively using the competence approach: Education for Change. Journal of Education, 7(2), 126 - 146.
Milen, A. (2015). What do we know about capacity building? An overview of existing knowledge and practice. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http://www.uncsobkk.org
Nenty, H.J., Odili, J.N. & Munene-Kabanya, A.N. (2018). Assessment training among secondary school teachers in Delta State of Nigeria: Implication for sustaining standards in educational assessment. Journals on Educational Assessment in Africa, 5(1), 110-136.
Nwagbo, C.R. (2015). The Relative efficacy of guided inquiry and Expository methods on the achievements in Biology of students of different levels of Scientific literacy, Journal of the science teachers' association of Nigeria, 36(1 & 2), 43-51.
Nwana, O.C. (2017). Introduction to educational research. Awka: IIEBN Publishers Pic,
Obanya, P. (2019). Bringing back the Teacher to the African School-Fundamentals of Teacher Education Development 1. Addis Ababa. UNESCO-International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (Online) Available at: unescodoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002160/21606.pdf Retrieved on: 03.05.2015
Obaru, J.K & Okoh, C (2016). Instructional materials production: the need for improvisation and innovation Africa. Journal of Education and Developmental Studies (AJEDS), 2(1 & 2), 129-136.
Obong, I.J. (2016). The state of basic education in Nigeria: the way forward". Paper Presented at the 47th annual conference of Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (STAN) held at Calabar from 13th - 19th August.
OECD, (2019). Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environment. First
Results from TALIS (On-line). Available
at; www.oecd.org/education/school/ /43023606.pdf.pp.22-90 Retrieved on; 12.08.2020
Ogunrin, A.B. (2020). Perception of Nigerian teachers about in-service capacity development: An empirical field sample report on Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 3(3), 743-757
Ogwel, A., Odhiambo, J.O. & Kibe, S. (2018). Impact of S MASSE INSET on Students Capacity through improved Teaching and Learning in the Classroom. (Online) Available at; www.academia.edu/465278/Impact-of-SMASSE INSET-on-students-capacity-through-improved-teaching-and-learning-in-the-classroom, Retrieved on; 25.07.2015
Olaitan. S.O., Alanbe, M.O. & Nwobu, V.I. (2019). Capacity building needs of teachers of agriculture for effective teaching in basic schools in Abia State; A paper presented at the Annual conference of Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Olorundare, S.A. (2016). Utilisation of ICT in Curriculum development implementation & evaluation. Paper presented at the National conference on Information & Communication Technology in the Service of education, University of Nigeria Nsukka, May, 15-18
Oluwatoyin, D.A. (2020). Capacity building and skill development among female entrepreneurs in Ido Zone, Nigeria: Implication for adult education. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1 1), 680-684
Omar, A. K., Khuan, W. B., Kamaruzaman, J., Marinah, A. & Jamal, N. Y. (201 1). Teacher capacity building in teaching and learning: The changing role of school leadership. Academic Leadership Journal, 9(1), 12-19
Onuma, N. (2207). Utilisation of information communication technology in schools: Problems and suggestions in J.B. Babalola G.O. Akpa A.O., Ayeni, S.O. Adedeji (eds.) Access equity and quality in higher in Education,
Pandey, R. G. (2018). Academic achievement as related to motivation and parental background. Indian Psychological Revolution, 70(4), 213-216.
Reigner, S. (2021). Creating sustainable teacher career pathways. A 21st Century Imperative Published by Pearson. Assessed on 8/1/2021 from http;//researchnetwork,pearson.com/wp-contend/uploads/CSTCP 21 CI pkfinalweb.
Sanyal, B.C. (2020). Quality Assurance of Teacher Education in Africa: Fundamentals of Teacher Education Development 5. Addis Ababa. UNESCO-International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (Online) Available at: unescodoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002292/229200e.pdf Retrieved on: 03.05,2015
Stevens, J. (2021). What Does Capacity Mean? An examination of capacity
perceptions within a voluntary sport organisation. Canada, Brock University.
Retrieved 28 January 2021
from
http://wsvw.riv.csu.edu.au/research/ilws/International/EASLP/librarv/pdf Fil es/The_Role_of_Capacity_BuildIng _for_Livestock_Extension_Staff_in_Lao JPDR^df
Stoop, G. (2020). Evaluation Indicators for School Reviews. Education Review
Office, New Zealand. (On-line) Available
at; http://www.ero.govt.nz/review-process/Frameworks-and-evaluations. Retrieved on; 10.08.2020.
Timperley, H. Wilson, A., Barrar, H. & Fung, I. (2017). Teacher Professional
Learning and Development: Best Evidence Synthesis. New Zealand:
University of Auckland. (On-line) Available
at; http://educationcounts.edcentre.govt.nz/...BES Retrieved on; 15.1.2020
Tsafe, A.K. (2015). Influence of Mdgs capacity building workshop on pupils' performance in learning Mathematics in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(12), 143-148
Uchendu, C.C. (2015), Capacity building practices in secondary schools: Implication for teachers' professional development in cross river state, Nigeria, Research Journal in Organizational Psychology & Educational Studies, 4(3), 72-76
Ugwu, CJ. & Ikechukwu, N. (2015). Integrating mentoring for capacity building among newly employed secondary school teachers in Rivers State. Third 21st CAP Conference at Harvard, in Boston, USA, (5(1), 335-343
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO (2016). Guidebook for Planning Education in Emergencies and Reconstruction (Chapter 3) Capacity Building. Retrieved 28 January 2021 from http://www.nnesco.org/iiep/eng/focus/emergency/guidebook.htm
Usman, LA. (2021). The Relationship between Students' achievement in practical activities and the academic achievement integrated science Using NISTEP mode of teaching. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Uwakwe, I.S., (2017). Capacity building needs of school principals for the effective students' personnel services in secondary schools in south east, Nigeria. International Journal of Development Research, P(ll), 16508-
WAEC, Chief Examiners' Report (2016)
Wagner, D. (2020). Quality of education, capability and assessment choice in developing countries. Retrieved April 2, 2020 from http://www.literacv.org/publications/qualitv-education-comparabilitvand-
assessment-chic.
Wakjissa, S.G. (2019). Appraisal of senior secondary II Geography teachers' Competencies in assessing students using Bloom's levels of cognitive objectives in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journals on Educational Assessment in Africa, 5(1), 177-188.
Walter, C. & Briggs, J. (2020). What Professional Development makes the most difference to teachers? Department of Education. University of Oxford :Oxford University Press.www.education.ox.ac.uk/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/walterbriggs-2020-pdf (On line) Retrieved 7.9.2021
Wiliam, D. & Thomson, M. (2018). Integrating assessment with learning: What it take to make it work? New York: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
Youngs,-P. & King, M. (2015). Principal leadership for professional development to build school capacity. Educational administration quarterly, 5(1), 643-670.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION (JOSSED)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.